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A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water:

one degree Celsius

The other options are incorrect because they either measure temperature on a different scale than Celsius (Fahrenheit, Kelvin, and Rankine) or measure a different substance (Rankine uses the rankine temperature scale and not water). BTU is typically used for practical measurements of heat energy, and the commonly used SI unit for heat energy is joule.

one degree Fahrenheit

one degree Kelvin

one degree Rankine

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